Laparoscopic port l Disposable trocar l Wound protector l Instruments in surgery l NeXT OSCE exam
Laparoscopic ports, also known as trocars or cannulas, are specialized instruments used in minimally invasive surgeries to create access points for the insertion of laparoscopic instruments and cameras. These ports enable the surgeon to perform the procedure while minimizing the size of the incisions. The exact design and components of laparoscopic ports may vary among different manufacturers, but here are the key parts commonly found in laparoscopic ports:
Cannula or Sleeve: The cannula or sleeve is the main part of the port and serves as a pathway for the insertion of laparoscopic instruments. It is a hollow tube that provides access to the surgical site. The size and length of the cannula may vary depending on the specific procedure and the surgeon's preference.
Trocar: The trocar is a sharp or blunt-tipped instrument that is used to puncture the abdominal wall and create the initial access point for the cannula. It is inserted through a small incision or puncture site, and once inside the abdomen, the trocar is removed, leaving the cannula in place.
Seal or Valve: Many laparoscopic ports include a seal or valve mechanism that allows instruments to be inserted and withdrawn while maintaining the integrity of the pneumoperitoneum (the insufflation of gas to create a working space inside the abdomen). The seal or valve helps prevent gas leakage and maintains the laparoscopic view during the procedure.
Obturator (optional): Some ports may have an obturator, which is a removable rod or plug that fits inside the cannula during insertion to maintain its shape and facilitate easier placement through the abdominal wall. The obturator is removed once the cannula is in position.
Cap or Stopcock: Some ports have a cap or stopcock mechanism that can be opened or closed to control the flow of gas or fluid through the port. This can be useful for adjusting the insufflation pressure or irrigating the surgical site.
Locking Mechanism: The cannula may have a locking mechanism or a mechanism to secure the port in place to prevent accidental dislodgement during the procedure.
External Flange or Wing: The cannula often has an external flange or wing that rests on the patient's skin, providing stability and preventing the cannula from slipping out of place.
It's important to note that laparoscopic ports come in various sizes, lengths, and designs to accommodate different surgical needs and techniques. Surgeons and operating room staff should be familiar with the specific laparoscopic ports they are using and follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper usage and maintenance.