Pancreatic cystic neoplasms - Part 1 - Anatomical basis and Classification
Pancreatic cystic neoplasms are abnormal growths in the pancreas, which can be either benign or malignant. Learn about pancreatic cystic neoplasms in this informative video. We'll cover the anatomical basis and classification in detail. Perfect for medical students and professionals looking to expand their knowledge on this topic.
PCNs are often asymptomatic but can cause abdominal pain or jaundice. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests like CT scans and MRIs, with treatment options ranging from observation to surgical removal depending on the type and risk of malignancy.
This video discusses the anatomical basics of pancreatic cyst origin and a relevant classification.
Pancreatic acini are clusters of exocrine cells in the pancreas responsible for producing digestive enzymes. These enzymes are secreted into small ducts that eventually merge into larger ducts leading to the pancreatic duct. Acini consists of pyramidal-shaped cells with a central nucleus and abundant granular cytoplasm filled with zymogen granules. Their secretions, rich in enzymes like amylase, lipase, and proteases, aid in digesting carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. The acini are organized around a central lumen, facilitating the passage of secretions toward the duct system.
Islets of Langerhans are small clusters of endocrine cells scattered throughout the pancreas. They comprise several cell types, including alpha, beta, delta, and PP cells, each producing different hormones like insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide, respectively. Insulin, released by beta cells, helps regulate blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake. Glucagon, from alpha cells, raises blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose. Dysfunction in these cells can lead to metabolic disorders like diabetes mellitus. The islets are highly vascularized to facilitate hormone secretion directly into the bloodstream.
How both these structures lead to different neoplasms of the pancreas is nicely summarized in this video